Architectural Design Process
Architecture is one of the most rewarding industries that allows creatives to make their vision a reality. However, building a property is much more than just a sketch in hand. In fact, a comprehensive architectural design process is the very foundation for success for architects.
Architects use this structured approach for their construction projects from beginning to end. Each step of the design process is essential for a successful architectural project that meets demands and regulations.
Join us as we dive into the complexities of the architectural process in this comprehensive guide.
Architectural Design Process
Architects utilize a structured approach to take a project from concept to completion, a process known as an architectural design process. Typically, the entire process spans several stages.
Each stage focuses on different aspects of the architectural project, from initial ideas and planning to detailed drawings and construction. The stages provide architects with an order for their projects by separating each step of the architectural process.
The design process allows the architect to ensure that the building meets the client’s requirements, adheres to regulations, and is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. The architectural process is split into the following stages:
- Pre-Design Phase
- Schematic Design (Conceptual Design)
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Bidding and Negotiation
- Construction Administration
- Post Construction/Project Closeout
1. Pre-Design Phase
The first stage in the process is the pre-design phase, also known as the programming phase. This initial stage involves gathering information and understanding the project requirements.
In other words, the pre-design phase is for problem-seeking and solving. The architect determines the scope of the work needed for the design. The pre-design stage, as the name suggests, does not involve any actual designing, even though it is the first step of the process.
During the pre-design stage, the architects work closely with the client to define the project’s scope, objectives, constraints, and cost of the project. This stage may also include site analysis, surrounding buildings, neighborhood, identifying zoning laws, and establishing a budget.
2. Schematic Design (Conceptual Design)
The second phase in the process is the schematic design, also known as the conceptual design phase. During the conceptual phase, architects begin to create initial concepts and drawings based on the client’s requirements.
The conceptual phase allows the architects to focus on developing the building’s overall form and layout, including floor plans and exterior elevations. The goal of the schematic phase is to create a basic framework for the project by exploring different design options.
The architects also use this phase to create a framework for the structural, electrical, mechanical, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), plumbing, and heating systems.
After making the initial concepts, the architect will solicit your feedback as the client through a meeting. This allows them to make changes to the concepts based on the client’s desires.
Making changes during this phase allows the architect to avoid adding costs and prevent potential delays later on during the construction.
3. Design Development
Once you agree to the architect’s concept drawings, they move on to the next phase in the process, which is design development. Different types of architects specialize in various types of projects, depending on the nature of the work. During the design development stage, the architect refines the schematic design and begins finalizing it with detailed drawings.
These increasingly detailed drawings that the architect produces include specifications such as dimensions, materials, and construction systems. The drawings will also include details about the placement of windows and doors and any needed adjustments to the building form.
Your architect will present materials, fixtures, and other finishes to discuss and evaluate them for aesthetics, costs, and durability. The architect will guide you through the options, but the ultimate decision is up to you, the client.
The design development also involves further collaboration with engineers and consultants. This is in order to ensure the structural, mechanical, and electrical systems are properly integrated into the design.
4. Construction Documents
In this phase, the architect creates detailed technical drawings and instructions that contractors will use to build the project. This phase involves creating two complete sets of drawings: Permit Set and Issue or Construction Set.
These documents include construction details, material specifications, and building systems. The construction documents phase is critical for ensuring that the contractors will be able to build the design accurately and within budget.
The permit set is a set of documents that are sent to the appropriate authorities when applying for a building permit. After the permit set is completed and submitted, the architect will finish the Issue for Construction set.
The permit set is first, as the permit process may take a long time, so submitting drawings first helps move the entire process along.
5. Bidding and Negotiation
After the construction documents are complete, the project is put out to bid. Contractors submit proposals based on the previously submitted construction documents.
The goal of the bidding and negotiation stage is to find a construction company to build the architectural project. The architect may assist the client in reviewing bids and negotiating contracts to ensure the project is built according to the design and budget.
As the client, you will select a contractor based on the architect’s advice. It is important to note that the construction company you choose will enter into a contract with you and not the architect.
During the negotiation, the architect and the client work with the chosen contractor to develop the cost and proposal for the construction.
6. Construction Administration
Once the contract is signed and the construction is underway, it is time for the next stage in the architectural process, the construction administration oversight.
During this phase, the architect oversees the project to ensure it is being built according to the plans and specifications they have outlined for the construction company.
Construction administration may involve site visits, reviewing contractor work, and addressing any issues that arise during construction. The architect reviews and approves any submittals from the contractors.
The architect ensures that the construction process aligns with the design intent and complies with building codes and regulations.
7. Post-Construction/Project Closeout
The last stage in the architectural process is the post-construction/project closeout. After construction is completed, the architect conducts a final inspection. This is to ensure the building is ready for client occupancy and meets all design and safety standards.
This phase may also include resolving any remaining issues and obtaining necessary permits. Once the architect confirms everything is in order, they hand over the completed building or home to the client.
Besides handing you the keys to your completed building, several other documents will be exchanged between you two for the project closeout.
These include the following:
- Project record documents
- Maintenance and operation manuals
- Bonds and warranties
- Waiver of liens
The architect may also do a warranty inspection around ten months after the project closeout to ensure everything works right.
Who Do Architects Work With
The entire building process involves architects working with various other experts, from project management to the creation of the original concept.
Architects collaborate with other professionals and experts to ensure everything is working right and safely during and after the construction of the building. To guarantee the success of their projects, architects work with a range of experts, such as:
- Clients – in order to completely grasp their needs and specifications, architects collaborate extensively with their clients. Architects talk with their clients to understand their goals, preferences, and budgets and ensure they provide them with the best design.
- Engineers – architects collaborate with engineers to design their buildings, including structural engineers, mechanical engineers, civil engineers, and other consultants. Engineers help architects with the technical aspects of the project.
- Construction Professionals – by working with contractors, architects are able to guarantee to their clients that projects are finished on schedule while staying on budget. Architects provide their detailed designs to guide the construction professionals during the building phase.
- Design Managers and Interior Designers – on building projects, design managers oversee all design-related issues. Architects also collaborate with interior designers to accentuate the space’s full potential.
Conclusion
The architectural design process is multi-stage and involves a close collaboration between architects and clients. The stages in the process include the pre-design phase, schematic design, design development, construction documents, bidding and negotiation, construction administration, and post-construction.
During the entire architectural process, the architects work with various experts to ensure safety and functionality during building.
